However, its promotion is not new nor is it limited to Hip Hop music. Nicki Minaj, the most successful female Hip Hop artist to date, has stirred a lot of controversy with the size enhancement of her buttocks as a caricatured representation of this desired aesthetic. The messages in these songs represent scientific research that indicates that Black-American men are more likely to favor women with heavier figures and a lower waist-to-hip ratio than White-American men. Fat Booty” by Mos Def, and “Badd” by the Ying Yang Twins and Mike Jones. Other songs that incorporate a similar message include “Rump Shaker” by Wreckx-n-Effect, “Big Ole Butt” by LL Cool J, “Bonita Applebum” by A Tribe Called Quest, “Ms. While the song and its corresponding video is considered to be derogatory by many, others view it as an entertaining nod to women that have “a little meat on their bones” and herald it as a self-esteem booster for the millions of women that do not have the typical “model body” and thus struggle with their body image.
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In the song, he derides the portrayal of extremely thin women that are bereft of curves as the ideal in pop culture while expressing his appreciation for women with full figures and big buttocks. Perhaps the most iconic Hip Hop song to highlight the attractiveness of full-figured women is “Baby Got Back” by Sir Mix-A-Lot. “Thick” generally refers to a woman having large breasts, hips, thighs, and/or buttocks. In the narrative of Hip Hop, a woman who is “thick” is usually heralded as the woman of choice. Hip Hop music is the first cultural behemoth to widely promote the hourglass female aesthetic that is characterized by a low waist-to-hip ratio. Some studies have indicated that the relationship between waist-to-hip ratio and coronary heart disease is stronger in Black-American women than in White-American women, which is notable from an anthropometric perspective. However, the waist-to-hip ratio continues to be widely employed as a measurement of health risk. Thereby, waist circumference has emerged as a stronger indicator.
The waist-to-hip ratio as an indicator of health risk is not without its limitations, however, as both lean and obese individuals can easily have the same ratio. 8 or lower in women has a protective effect against coronary heart disease and other chronic conditions. Thereby, the size of the waist with respect to the size of the hips emerged as a measure of the distribution of adipose tissue (fat) in the body and its abdominal concentration. It is well documented that truncal obesity, or a concentration of fat in the abdominal region of the body, is a major risk factor for a variety of chronic conditions including cardiovascular disease.
The way in which fat is distributed in the body is often determined by genetic, dietary, and other types of factors. The hourglass female aesthetic brings attention to an interesting indicator of health and health risk: the waist-to-hip ratio. This now-celebrated aesthetic has both positive and negative implications for the physical and mental health of the women that are subject to it. Models, artists, and actresses including Jennifer Lopez, Tyra Banks, Beyonce Knowles, Kim Kardashian, and Amber Rose personify this aesthetic, and their desirable assets are featured prominently in a plethora of media outlets.
Today, via the various technological vehicles of pop culture, the “hourglass” female aesthetic has transformed from the odd “other” into the coveted ideal. Under the name “Hottentot Venus”, she was paraded and humiliated throughout Europe as a “freak show” on account of her large buttocks and other conspicuous physical attributes that were believed to be uniquely African. In 1810, Sara Baartman, a slave from South Africa, was brought to London by her owner with the promise of wealth and fame.
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